GigawattsBack matter
Index of names
People and companies, with a link to every section where they appear. Numerals are chapters.
0–9
- 111 Eighth AvenueIIThe Carrier HotelsVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, ZayoVIIDigital RealtyApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Networks Meet, The Cloud
- 32 Avenue of the AmericasIIThe Carrier HotelsIIIApp. BThe Networks Meet
- 60 Hudson StreetIIThe Carrier HotelsVIZayo
A
- AbileneVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, Resources and Backlash, MidnightIXBefore MidnightApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush
- AboveNetIIPAIX, Northern VirginiaIIIEquinix, The Rest of the Field, Before MidnightIVAboveNet Continued, Pennies on the DollarVEquinix, Digital Realty, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIData Center Alley, ZayoApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, The Phoenix, The CloudApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- AI factoriesIntroVIIINvidia
- AirTrunkVIIThe Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- AkamaiIntroIIIEquinix, Akamai, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVSeptember 11App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. CNot in the Roll-Call
- Al AveryIntroIIIEquinix, The Rest of the FieldVEquinixApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- AmazonIntroITime-Sharing, CompuServeVFrom Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, Data Center Alley, A Handful of BuyersVIIINvidia, OpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, The Capex Arms Race, Power, The Bubble Debate, Anthropic, Table 8.1: Cash Capital Spending of the Four Big Clouds, 2023–2026IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022, The Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush, What the Prices Said
- Amazon Web ServicesITime-Sharing, CompuServeVIAmazon Web Services, A Handful of BuyersVIIEquinix, The Infrastructure FundsVIIIThe Capex Arms Race, The Bubble Debate, AnthropicIXKeeping Score
- America OnlineIntroIIMAE-East, Northern Virginia, The Build-OutIIIEquinix, The CarriersApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Networks Meet
- American TowerVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices Said
- Andrew OdlyzkoIntroIVPennies on the DollarVIData Center Alley, A Handful of BuyersVIIIThe Bubble DebateApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. DPrinciple 10: Measure the thing itself
- Andy JassyVIAmazon Web ServicesVIIIThe Capex Arms Race, The Bubble Debate
- AnthropicPrefaceIntroVIIINvidia, CoreWeave, xAI Colossus, Resources and Backlash, The Bubble Debate, Anthropic, MidnightIXKeeping Score, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe AI Gold Rush, So FarApp. DPrinciple 7: Ask who is paying the payer
- AshburnIntroIComdiscoIINorthern VirginiaIIIEquinixIVPSINet Continued, Pennies on the DollarVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale DevelopersVIIDigital Realty, On the EveApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Aswath DamodaranVIIIThe Bubble DebateIXHow It Might End
B
- B.V. JagadeeshIIIExodus
- BBNITime-SharingIIMAE-East, The Build-OutIIIThe Carriers, AkamaiIVGenuity ContinuedApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
- behind the meterVIIIPower
- Bernie EbbersIntroIINorthern Virginia, The Build-OutIIIExodus, Digex, Before MidnightIVDigex Continued
- Bill LaPerchIVAboveNet ContinuedVVIZayo
- Bill SchraderIINSFNET, The Build-OutIIIThe CarriersIVPSINet Continued
- Bill SteinVIIDigital Realty, On the Eve
- BlackstoneIntroVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- BoomPrefaceIntroIEDS, Time-Sharing, University Computing, The Shakeout, The DinosaurIIIEquinixVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and FacebookVIIThe Infrastructure FundsVIIICoreWeave, The Capex Arms Race, Power, Resources and Backlash, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two Cycles, Before MidnightApp. CThe Hosting BustApp. DPrinciple 10: Measure the thing itself, Principle 12: Be candid, especially when the news is bad
- Brian ReidIIPAIX
- BrookfieldIntroVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- Buddy RizerVIData Center Alley
- BustPrefaceIntroIUniversity Computing, The Shakeout, The DinosaurIVPennies on the DollarVEquinix, Digital Realty, The 2008 TestVIVIIIResources and Backlash, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two Cycles, Before MidnightApp. BWhat the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust
C
- Cable & WirelessIVExodus Continued, Pennies on the DollarVManaged Hosting SurvivesVIIICoreWeaveIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BEmpty Floors, The Phoenix
- capacity auctionApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- carrier hotelPrefaceIntroIIThe Carrier Hotels, The Build-OutIIIThe LandlordsIVAboveNet ContinuedVIZayo, A Handful of BuyersIXHow It Might End, Before Midnight
- Cash Flow is KingVIIIMidnightIXBefore Midnight
- CenturyLinkVManaged Hosting Survives, From Phoenix to CloudVIIThe Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix, The ReconsolidationApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
- Chad WilliamsVIThe Wholesale DevelopersVIIThe Take-Private Wave
- Chapter 11IVExodus Continued, Digex Continued, PSINet Continued, Global Crossing Continued, AboveNet ContinuedVManaged Hosting SurvivesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Charles MeyersVIIEquinix
- ChatGPTIntroVIIOn the EveVIIINvidia, OpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeaveApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- Cinderella's BallIXBefore Midnight
- Cogent CommunicationsIVPSINet Continued, Pennies on the DollarApp. BEmpty FloorsApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- colocationPrefaceIntroIComdiscoIIIExodusIVThe Carriers' Buildings, Pennies on the DollarVEquinix, Switch, Managed Hosting SurvivesVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, The Wholesale Developers, ZayoVIIDigital Realty, DigitalBridgeVIIIPower
- CologixVIIThe Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- Colony CapitalVIZayoVIIDigitalBridge, The Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe ReconsolidationApp. CThe Reconsolidation
- ColossusIntroVIIIxAI Colossus
- ComdiscoIntroIComdisco, The Personal Computer, The DinosaurIIIEquinix
- CompuServeICompuServe, The DinosaurIIThe Build-OutApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue Cycle, The Networks Meet
- Constellation EnergyVManaged Hosting SurvivesVIIIPowerApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- CoreSiteIIMAE-EastVIThe Wholesale DevelopersVIIThe Take-Private Wave, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Reconsolidation
- CoreWeaveIntroVIIINvidia, CoreWeave, The Bubble Debate, Anthropic, MidnightIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe AI Gold Rush, So Far
- cross-connectIINSFNETIVPennies on the DollarVDigital RealtyVIThe Wholesale DevelopersIXKeeping Score
- CyrusOneVIThe Wholesale DevelopersVIIThe Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Reconsolidation
D
- The DallesVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and FacebookApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Dan CarusoVIIDigitalBridge
- Danny LewinIntroIIIAkamaiIVSeptember 11App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Dario and Daniela AmodeiVIIIAnthropic
- Data Center AlleyIntroIIVIIIPower, Resources and Backlash
- Data ReturnIIIThe Rest of the Field, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVData Return, Pennies on the DollarVManaged Hosting SurvivesApp. BEmpty Floors, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- DataBankVIZayoVIIDigitalBridge, The Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe ReconsolidationApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
- DataPortIComdiscoApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
- David CahnVIIIThe Bubble Debate
- DigexIntroIIIExodus, Digex, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVDigex ContinuedApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, Empty Floors, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- Digital BridgeIntroVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe ReconsolidationApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud, The Reconsolidation
- Digital ColonyVIZayoVIIDigitalBridge, The Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- Digital EquipmentIntroIThe Personal ComputerIIPAIXIIIEquinixApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Digital RealtyIntroIVExodus Continued, AboveNet Continued, Pennies on the DollarVDigital Realty, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale Developers, Zayo, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigital Realty, DigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022VIIICoreWeave, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, How It Might EndApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Phoenix and the CloudApp. DPrinciple 2: Never mistake a forecast for a lease
- DuPont FabrosIntroVManaged Hosting Survives, The 2008 TestVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, The Wholesale DevelopersVIIDigital Realty, The Take-Private Wave, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping Score, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix, The Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Phoenix and the CloudApp. DPrinciple 1: Cash Flow is King, Principle 6: Don't build on borrowed money when the cost of money turns
E
- EBITDAVIZayoVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the EveIXKeeping ScoreApp. BWhat the Prices Said
- EdgeConneXVIIThe Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- Elastic Compute CloudVFrom Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and FacebookApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Electronic Data SystemsIntroIEDSIIIExodusVEquinixApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue Cycle, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe First Bust
- Ellen HancockPrefaceIIIExodus, Before MidnightIVExodus Continued, Global Crossing Continued
- Elon MuskIntroVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, xAI Colossus, Resources and Backlash, Anthropic
- EnronIntroIIIEquinixVSwitch, From Phoenix to CloudVIIDigitalBridgeApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe PhoenixApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
- EQTIntroVIZayoVIIDigitalBridge, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- EquinixPrefaceIntroIComdiscoIIIEquinix, The Rest of the Field, Akamai, Four BetsIVExodus Continued, AboveNet Continued, Pennies on the DollarVEquinix, Digital Realty, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale Developers, Zayo, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigital Realty, Equinix, DigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022VIIIThe Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust, The Phoenix and the CloudApp. DPrinciple 1: Cash Flow is King, Principle 2: Never mistake a forecast for a lease, Principle 4: Own the place where everyone meets, Principle 11: Buy the building after the Bust
- Exodus CommunicationsPrefaceIntroIIIExodus, Equinix, Digex, The Carriers, Akamai, Four Bets, The Grid, Before MidnightIVExodus Continued, Digex Continued, Global Crossing Continued, Pennies on the DollarVEquinix, Digital Realty, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale DevelopersVIIThe Take-Private WaveVIIICoreWeave, The Bubble Debate, AnthropicIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, Empty Floors, The Phoenix, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust, The Phoenix and the CloudApp. DPrinciple 2: Never mistake a forecast for a lease
F
- FacebookIntroVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale Developers, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigital RealtyVIIINvidia, OpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeave, The Capex Arms Race, Resources and Backlash, Table 8.1: Cash Capital Spending of the Four Big Clouds, 2023–2026IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe AI Gold RushApp. DPrinciple 5: Know which customers can build without you
G
- Gary WinnickIIIExodusIVGlobal Crossing ContinuedVIIICoreWeave
- General ElectricIntroITime-Sharing, The Shakeout, CompuServe, The DinosaurIIThe Build-OutVIIIPowerApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue CycleApp. CThe First Bust
- General MotorsIntroIEDSApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue Cycle, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe First Bust
- GenuityIntroIIIThe Carriers, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVGenuity Continued, AboveNet Continued, Pennies on the DollarApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BEmpty FloorsApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- GI PartnersIntroIVPennies on the DollarVDigital Realty, From Phoenix to CloudIXKeeping Score, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. BThe Phoenix, What the Prices SaidApp. DPrinciple 11: Buy the building after the Bust
- Gina HinojosaVIIIResources and BacklashApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- glass houseIntroIIBM, EDS, Time-Sharing, Comdisco, The Personal Computer, The DinosaurIINorthern Virginia, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksIIIExodus, The Carriers, Four BetsVEquinix, Managed Hosting Survives, From Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web ServicesVIIINvidia
- Global CrossingIntroIIIExodus, Digex, The Carriers, The Rest of the Field, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVExodus Continued, Digex Continued, Global Crossing Continued, Pennies on the DollarVEquinix, Managed Hosting SurvivesVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeave, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BEmpty FloorsApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- Global Infrastructure PartnersIntroVIIThe Take-Private Wave, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- GlobalCenterIIIExodus, Digex, The Carriers, Before MidnightIVExodus Continued, Global Crossing ContinuedVManaged Hosting SurvivesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- GlobixIIIThe Rest of the Field, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVGlobixApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. CThe Hosting BustApp. DPrinciple 3: Separate the building from the borrowing
- Gold RushIntroIEDSIIThe Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksIIIExodus, The Carriers, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVPennies on the DollarVEquinix, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, The Wholesale Developers, A Handful of BuyersVIIEquinix, The Take-Private WaveVIIICoreWeave, The Bubble Debate, AnthropicIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. BWhat the Prices Said
- GoogleIntroIIIExodusVManaged Hosting SurvivesVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale Developers, Zayo, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigital Realty, EquinixVIIIThe Capex Arms Race, Power, Resources and Backlash, The Bubble Debate, Anthropic, Table 8.1: Cash Capital Spending of the Four Big Clouds, 2023–2026IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, What the Prices Said
- GPUVIIICoreWeave, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two Cycles
- Grant van RooyenVIIThe Infrastructure Funds
- Greg AbbottVIIIPower, Resources and BacklashApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
H
- Hossein FatehIVPennies on the DollarVThe 2008 TestVIThe Wholesale Developers
- hostingPrefaceIntroIIThe Carrier HotelsIIIExodus, Digex, The Carriers, The Rest of the Field, The Landlords, Four Bets, The Grid, Before MidnightIVExodus Continued, Digex Continued, Genuity Continued, AboveNet Continued, September 11, Pennies on the DollarVDigital Realty, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 TestVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale DevelopersVIIEquinixVIIINvidia, CoreWeaveIXThe Lessons of Two Cycles, Before MidnightApp. DPrinciple 2: Never mistake a forecast for a lease, Principle 12: Be candid, especially when the news is bad
- hot siteIComdisco, The DinosaurApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
- HyperionVIIIThe Capex Arms RaceApp. BThe AI Gold Rush
- hyperscaleVIA Handful of BuyersVIIEquinix, The Infrastructure FundsVIIINvidia
I
- IBMIntroIIBM, Time-Sharing, Comdisco, The Personal Computer, The DinosaurIIIExodus, The Carriers, AkamaiIVThe Carriers' Buildings, September 11VThe 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990, The First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Prologue Cycle
- interconnectionIIMAE-EastVIZayoVIIEquinix, The Take-Private Wave, On the EveIXKeeping Score
- IntermediaIIIExodus, DigexIVDigex ContinuedApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, Empty Floors
- InterxionIntroVIIDigital Realty, Equinix, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
J
- Jack GrubmanPrefaceIIIExodusVIIIThe Bubble Debate, Anthropic
- Jay AdelsonIntroIIIEquinix, The Rest of the FieldVEquinixApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Jeff BezosVIAmazon Web Services
- Jeff WilkinsICompuServeApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
- Jensen HuangVIIINvidia, The Bubble Debate, MidnightIXKeeping Score
- Jim CovelloVIIIThe Bubble Debate
- Jim CroweIIMAE-East, The Build-Out, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksVIIIMidnightIXHow It Might EndApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BWhat the Prices Said
- Jimmy ByrdIIIThe Carriers, The LandlordsIVThe Carriers' BuildingsApp. DPrinciple 12: Be candid, especially when the news is bad
- Joe DominguezVIIIPower
- Joe NacchioIIIThe CarriersIVThe Carriers' Buildings
- John SidgmoreIntroIIMAE-East, The Build-OutIIIExodus, Digex, The CarriersIVDigex ContinuedApp. CThe Hosting Bust
K
- K.B. ChandrasekharPrefaceIIIExodus, Before Midnight
- Katherine HudsonIThe Personal Computer
- Ken PontikesIComdisco
- Kevin O'HaraIIMAE-EastVIIIThe Capex Arms Race
- KeydataIThe Shakeout, The DinosaurIXThe Lessons of Two Cycles
- KKRIntroVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- KodakIntroIThe Personal Computer, The DinosaurApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue Cycle
L
- Larry EllisonVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and StargateIXBefore Midnight
- Las VegasVSwitch, The 2008 TestVIZayoVIIDigitalBridgeApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix, The Cloud
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryIIIThe GridVIA Handful of BuyersVIIIPower, Resources and Backlash, The Bubble DebateIXHow It Might EndApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- Leo HinderyIIIExodus, The CarriersIVGlobal Crossing Continued
- Level 3PrefaceIntroIIIExodus, Equinix, The Carriers, The Rest of the Field, The Landlords, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVData Return, Genuity Continued, The Carriers' Buildings, September 11, Pennies on the DollarVManaged Hosting SurvivesVIIEquinix, The Infrastructure FundsVIIIThe Capex Arms RaceApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BEmpty FloorsApp. CThe Hosting Bust, Not in the Roll-CallApp. DPrinciple 12: Be candid, especially when the news is bad
- Loudoun CountyIntroIIMAE-East, Northern VirginiaVIData Center Alley, The Wholesale Developers, A Handful of BuyersVIIOn the EveVIIIPower, Resources and BacklashIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. DPrinciple 9: The neighbors get a vote
M
- MacquarieIntroVIIThe Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- MAE-EastPrefaceIntroIIMAE-East, PAIX, Northern Virginia, The Build-Out, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksVIData Center AlleyIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. DPrinciple 4: Own the place where everyone meets
- MAE-WestIIMAE-East
- Manny MedinaIIIThe Rest of the FieldVManaged Hosting SurvivesVIIThe Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- Marc GanziIntroVIA Handful of BuyersVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, On the EveApp. CThe Reconsolidation
- Mark ZuckerbergVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and FacebookVIIIThe Capex Arms Race
- Market ValueIntroIEDSIIIExodus, Digex, The Rest of the Field, Akamai, Before MidnightIVExodus Continued, Digex Continued, GlobixVDigital Realty, Managed Hosting SurvivesVIIThe Take-Private WaveVIIINvidia, CoreWeave, AnthropicIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022, The Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BWhat the Prices SaidApp. CThe Phoenix and the CloudApp. DPrinciple 3: Separate the building from the borrowing
- Masayoshi SonVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and StargateIXBefore Midnight
- MCIIIMAE-East, Northern VirginiaIIIEquinix, The Carriers, Four BetsIVAboveNet ContinuedVIData Center AlleyVIIEquinixApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix
- meet-me roomVIZayo
- MemphisIntroVIIIxAI Colossus, Power, MidnightIXBefore MidnightApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- Metromedia Fiber NetworkIIPAIXIIIThe Rest of the Field, Before MidnightIVAboveNet ContinuedVApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, Empty FloorsApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- MFSPrefaceIntroIINSFNET, MAE-East, The Carrier Hotels, The Build-Out, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksVSwitchVIData Center AlleyIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Networks Meet, What the Prices SaidApp. DPrinciple 4: Own the place where everyone meets
- MiamiIIIThe Carriers, The Rest of the Field, The LandlordsIVGlobal Crossing ContinuedVEquinix, Managed Hosting Survives
- Michael BurryVIIIThe Bubble Debate
- Michael IntratorVIIICoreWeave
- MicrosoftIntroIComdiscoIIThe Build-OutIIIEquinix, The Carriers, The Rest of the FieldIVData Return, Pennies on the DollarVIAmazon Web Services, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Data Center Alley, The Wholesale Developers, A Handful of BuyersVIIEquinixVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeave, The Capex Arms Race, Power, Resources and Backlash, The Bubble Debate, Anthropic, Table 8.1: Cash Capital Spending of the Four Big Clouds, 2023–2026IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990, The Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe Cloud, The AI Gold Rush, What the Prices Said
- Mike FoustVDigital Realty, The 2008 TestVIIDigitalBridge
N
- NAP of the AmericasIIIThe Rest of the FieldVManaged Hosting Survives
- National Science FoundationIINSFNET, MAE-East, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BWhat the Prices Said
- Network Access PointIINSFNET, MAE-EastIIIThe Rest of the FieldVManaged Hosting SurvivesApp. BWhat the Prices Said
- Nick Del DeoVIZayo, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, On the EveVIIICoreWeave, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping Score, How It Might End
- Northern VirginiaIINorthern VirginiaIVAboveNet Continued, Pennies on the DollarVIData Center Alley, Zayo, A Handful of BuyersVIIIPower, Resources and BacklashApp. BEmpty Floors
- NSFNETIINSFNET
- NvidiaIntroVIIINvidia, OpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeave, The Bubble Debate, Anthropic, MidnightIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe AI Gold Rush, So Far
O
- One WilshireIIThe Carrier Hotels
- Open Compute ProjectVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and FacebookApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- OpenAIIntroVIIOn the EveVIIINvidia, OpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeave, xAI Colossus, Resources and Backlash, The Bubble Debate, AnthropicIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush, What the Prices Said
- OracleIntroVIIEquinixVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, The Bubble Debate, AnthropicIXKeeping Score, How It Might End, Before MidnightApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. CThe AI Gold Rush, So Far
- outsourcingIEDS, The Personal Computer
P
- Palo AltoIntroIThe ShakeoutIIPAIX, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksIIIEquinixIXApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Palo Alto Internet ExchangeIIPAIX, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksIIIEquinix, The Rest of the FieldApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush
- Paul CatalanoIComdiscoApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
- Paul GudonisIIIThe CarriersIVGenuity Continued
- Paul SaganIIIAkamai, Before Midnight
- Paul VixieIIPAIX
- peeringIIMAE-East
- perpetual capitalVIIThe Take-Private Wave
- Peter Van CampIIIEquinixVEquinix
- PG&EIntroIIIThe GridIVThe Carriers' BuildingsIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. DPrinciple 8: Secure the power before you pour the concrete
- PhoenixIntroIThe ShakeoutVEquinix, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIAmazon Web Services, The Wholesale DevelopersVIIEquinix, DigitalBridge, The Infrastructure FundsVIIIThe Bubble DebateIXHow It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. BWhat the Prices Said
- PiketonIntroVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, PowerApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- PJMVIIIPowerIXHow It Might End, The Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. DPrinciple 8: Secure the power before you pour the concrete
- power usage effectivenessVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook
- Prince William CountyVIIIResources and Backlash
- PrinevilleVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, A Handful of BuyersApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. DPrinciple 5: Know which customers can build without you
- Project DANIIThe Build-Out
- PSINetIntroIINSFNET, MAE-East, PAIX, The Build-OutIIIThe Carriers, Four BetsIVPSINet Continued, Pennies on the DollarApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Hosting Gold Rush, Empty Floors, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- public benefit corporationVIIIAnthropic
Q
- QTSVIThe Wholesale DevelopersVIIThe Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022VIIIResources and BacklashIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Reconsolidation
- QuincyVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigitalBridgeApp. BThe Cloud
- QwestIIIThe Carriers, The Landlords, Four Bets, The Grid, Before MidnightIVThe Carriers' BuildingsVDigital Realty, Managed Hosting SurvivesVIIEquinixVIIIThe Bubble DebateIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. CThe Hosting BustApp. DPrinciple 8: Secure the power before you pour the concrete
R
- RackspaceVManaged Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix
- Raul MartynekVIZayo
- ReconsolidationIntroVIA Handful of BuyersVIIOn the EveVIIIIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BWhat the Prices Said
- REITIntroVDigital RealtyVIThe Wholesale DevelopersVIIDigital Realty, DigitalBridge, The Take-Private WaveIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- remaining performance obligationsVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, The Bubble DebateIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- Richard MagnusonVDigital Realty
- Rick AdamsIIMAE-East, Northern VirginiaVIData Center AlleyApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- Rob RoyIntroVSwitch, From Phoenix to CloudVIIDigitalBridgeApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix
- Ross PerotIntroIEDS, The DinosaurApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BWhat the Prices Said
- round-trippingVIIIThe Bubble Debate
S
- sale-leasebackApp. BThe Phoenix
- Sam AltmanVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, The Bubble Debate
- Sam WylyIntroIEDS, University Computing, The Dinosaur
- San JoseIntroIINSFNET, MAE-East, Northern VirginiaIIIEquinix, The Rest of the FieldIVAboveNet Continued, Pennies on the DollarVDigital RealtyApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe PhoenixApp. DPrinciple 11: Buy the building after the Bust
- Santa ClaraIIPAIXIIIExodus, The GridIVPennies on the DollarVEquinix, Digital Realty, The 2008 TestVIThe Wholesale Developers, ZayoVIIDigital Realty, DigitalBridge
- SavvisIntroVDigital Realty, Managed Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIIThe Infrastructure FundsIXHow It Might EndApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe PhoenixApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
- Scott YeagerIIMAE-EastVSwitchVIData Center Alley
- Senate Bill 6VIIIPowerApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- Simple Storage ServiceVIAmazon Web ServicesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- small modular reactorsVIIIPower
- SoftBankIntroVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, CoreWeaveApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush
- SpaceXVIIIxAI Colossus, AnthropicIXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe AI Gold Rush
- SprintIINSFNET, MAE-EastIIIDigex, The Carriers, Four BetsIVVEquinix, Managed Hosting SurvivesApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- ST TelemediaIVGlobal Crossing Continued, Pennies on the DollarVEquinixApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BEmpty Floors, The PhoenixApp. CThe Hosting Bust
- Stacy RasgonVIIICoreWeave, The Bubble Debate
- StargateIntroVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, xAI Colossus, Resources and BacklashIXBefore MidnightApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- Stephen WolffIINSFNET
- Steve GarofaloIVAboveNet Continued
- Steve SmithPrefaceIntroVEquinix, From Phoenix to CloudVIIEquinix, DigitalBridgeApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
- StonepeakIntroVIIDigitalBridge, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- SunGardIntroIComdisco, The Personal Computer, The DinosaurApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
- SunnyvaleIntroIIIExodus, The GridIVThe Carriers' BuildingsVIIIIXApp. DPrinciple 8: Secure the power before you pour the concrete
- SuperNAPVSwitch, From Phoenix to Cloud
- SwitchIntroVEquinix, Switch, The 2008 TestVIIEquinix, DigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022, The Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026App. BThe Phoenix, The ReconsolidationApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
- Switch and DataVEquinix, The 2008 TestVIIEquinixApp. BThe Phoenix
- System/360IntroIIBMApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990
T
- taken privatePrefaceVIZayoIXKeeping Score
- Talen EnergyVIIIPowerApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- TelecityGroupVIA Handful of BuyersVIIDigital Realty, Equinix, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- TelxIntroVDigital RealtyVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, Zayo, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigital Realty, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Reconsolidation
- TerremarkIIIThe Rest of the Field, The LandlordsIVGlobal Crossing ContinuedVManaged Hosting Survives, The 2008 Test, From Phoenix to CloudVIIEquinix, The Infrastructure FundsApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe PhoenixApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
- Thomas J. Watson Jr.IIBM
- Three Mile IslandIntroVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and Stargate, Power, MidnightIXBefore MidnightApp. AThe Second Cycle, 2022–November 2026
- time-sharingIntroIIBM, Time-Sharing, The Shakeout, CompuServe, The DinosaurIXThe Lessons of Two Cycles, Before MidnightApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue Cycle
- tokensVIIINvidia, The Bubble Debate, Midnight
- Tom BarrackVIIDigitalBridge
- Tom LeightonIIIAkamaiIVSeptember 11
- Traffic MythVIIIThe Bubble Debate
- Tysons CornerIIMAE-East, Northern Virginia, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022
U
- University Computing CompanyIUniversity Computing, The ShakeoutIXThe Lessons of Two CyclesApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. BThe Prologue Cycle, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe First Bust, Not in the Roll-CallApp. DPrinciple 6: Don't build on borrowed money when the cost of money turns
- UUNETIntroIINSFNET, MAE-East, PAIX, Northern Virginia, The Build-Out, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksIIIEquinix, The CarriersVEquinixVIData Center AlleyApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Networks Meet, What the Prices Said
V
- VantageVIThe Wholesale DevelopersVIIDigitalBridge, The Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022VIIIPowerIXKeeping ScoreApp. BThe Reconsolidation
- VerizonIntroIIMAE-EastIIIThe CarriersIVGenuity Continued, AboveNet ContinuedVManaged Hosting Survives, From Phoenix to CloudVIData Center AlleyVIIEquinix, The Infrastructure Funds, On the Eve, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022IXKeeping ScoreApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Phoenix, The ReconsolidationApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud
W
- Warren BuffettIntroVIIOn the EveVIIIThe Bubble Debate, MidnightIXBefore MidnightApp. DPrinciple 1: Cash Flow is King
- Western UnionIntroITime-Sharing, University Computing, The DinosaurIIThe Carrier Hotels, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksApp. AThe Prologue Cycle, 1962–1990App. CThe First Bust
- wholesaleIntroVThe 2008 TestVIThe Wholesale Developers, A Handful of BuyersVIIDigital Realty, Equinix, DigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, On the EveVIIIOpenAI, Microsoft and StargateIXKeeping ScoreApp. BWhat the Prices Said
- WorldComIntroIIMAE-East, Northern Virginia, The Build-Out, The Building Is Worth More Than the NetworksIIIExodus, Equinix, Digex, The Carriers, Four Bets, Before MidnightIVDigex Continued, AboveNet ContinuedVEquinix, The 2008 TestVIData Center AlleyApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Networks Meet, The Hosting Gold Rush, Empty Floors, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Hosting Bust
X
Y
Z
- ZayoPrefaceIntroIIIThe Rest of the Field, AkamaiIVAboveNet ContinuedVEquinix, The 2008 TestVIGoogle, Microsoft, Yahoo and Facebook, The Wholesale Developers, ZayoVIIDigital Realty, Equinix, DigitalBridge, The Take-Private Wave, The Infrastructure Funds, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022VIIIThe Bubble DebateApp. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe ReconsolidationApp. D
- zColoPrefaceIntroVIZayoVIIDigitalBridge, Table 7.1: The Reconsolidation's Data-Center Deals, 2015–2022App. AThe First Cycle, 1987–2022App. BThe Cloud, The Reconsolidation, What the Prices SaidApp. CThe Phoenix and the Cloud